Also known as: शराब
Alcohol burdens the kidneys: dehydration (worsens AKI risk), blood pressure elevation, and interference with diabetes control and medications. Dark beers add oxalate (stone risk). CKD patients on diuretics or with hypertension should avoid or strictly limit alcohol. No 'safe' level is established for advanced CKD.
Values are approximate, based on USDA FoodData Central and ICMR-NIN Indian Food Composition Tables. Actual values vary by variety, ripeness, serving size, and cooking method. The database rating is a general reference, not an individualized diet recommendation.
1 drink (355mL) — always count this toward your daily potassium, phosphorus, and (on dialysis) fluid budget.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.