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Classification: Markedly elevated
BUN 40 reflects substantial urea accumulation. This needs evaluation — prerenal causes can be fixed with fluids, but intrinsic kidney disease must be excluded.
BUN measures urea — the waste product of protein breakdown. Kidneys filter it; BUN rises when filtration falls, protein intake is high, or dehydration concentrates the blood.
Standard blood test (basic metabolic panel). High-protein meals can transiently raise it.
Reference: Reference ranges per major laboratories; interpretation per standard renal physiology • Normal range: 7-20 mg/dL (adults)
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.