Loading
Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys - most commonly calcium oxalate - causing pain, blood in urine, and repeated episodes.
Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis) form when urine becomes supersaturated with minerals - calcium oxalate being the most common type, followed by calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite stones. Risk factors include low urine volume, high sodium and animal-protein intake, high oxalate foods, and metabolic conditions. Prevention centers on high fluid intake (target 2+ L urine/day), reduced sodium, moderate calcium at meals, and targeted measures for stone type. Stones can obstruct urine flow and injure kidneys if recurrent; evaluation often includes a 24-hour urine collection.
Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, a key marker of kidney damage and the strongest predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.
Blood calcium above the normal range - in CKD usually from over-suppressed PTH, excess calcium binders, or tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
Blood in the urine — visible (gross) or microscopic — with causes ranging from infection and stones to glomerulonephritis and malignancy.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
Advertisement
ZuvFlo is ready to integrate with your facility to streamline operations, automate compliance, and deliver better patient care.
No credit card required • Setup in under 2 hours • Cancel anytime
Advertisement
This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.