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Abnormal presence of protein in the urine, a key marker of kidney damage and the strongest predictor of CKD progression and cardiovascular risk.
Proteinuria occurs when damaged glomeruli leak albumin and other proteins into the urine. It is quantified by the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR): normal <30 mg/g, moderately increased (A2) 30-300 mg/g, and severely increased (A3) >300 mg/g. Proteinuria is both a marker and a driver of progression — filtered protein damages tubular cells, promoting interstitial fibrosis. Reducing proteinuria (with RAS blockade, SGLT2 inhibitors, and BP control) is the central treatment target in CKD, and every 50% reduction in albuminuria is associated with approximately a halving of ESKD risk.
A progressive condition characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over months or years, classified into 5 stages based on eGFR.
A calculated value estimating the rate at which kidneys filter blood, used to diagnose and stage chronic kidney disease.
A surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is transplanted into a patient with end-stage renal disease to restore kidney function.
The medical specialty focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of kidney diseases, including dialysis and transplant care.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.