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Beta-2 microglobulin amyloid deposits in joints after years of dialysis — carpal tunnel and bone cysts.
Long-term dialysis with low-flux membranes accumulates B2M amyloid in synovium and bone: carpal tunnel syndrome, shoulder and wrist pain, and cystic bone lesions. Prevention uses high-flux/HDF and early transplant. Surgical release of carpal tunnel is the main treatment for symptoms.
A middle molecule that accumulates in dialysis patients — the driver of dialysis-related amyloidosis.
A dialyzer membrane with high water and middle-molecule permeability — standard for modern hemodialysis.
An advanced dialysis modality combining hemodialysis (diffusion) with hemofiltration (convection) to enhance clearance of both small and middle molecular weight solutes.
A surgical procedure in which a healthy kidney from a living or deceased donor is transplanted into a patient with end-stage renal disease to restore kidney function.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.