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Classification: Normal (women)
Hemoglobin 12.0 is normal for women and slightly low for men.
Hemoglobin carries oxygen. The kidneys produce erythropoietin (EPO) which drives red blood cell production — CKD causes anemia as EPO production falls.
Complete blood count (CBC).
Reference: KDOQI anemia guidelines; WHO anemia definitions • Normal range: 13.5-17.5 (men), 12.0-15.5 (women)
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.