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A condition of excess extracellular fluid volume in dialysis patients resulting from inadequate fluid removal between or during sessions, associated with hypertension, pulmonary congestion, and increased mortality.
Fluid overload is the most common complication of inadequate dialysis. It results from excessive interdialytic fluid intake (from dietary fluids, reduced urine output) and/or insufficient ultrafiltration. Clinical signs include hypertension, peripheral edema, pulmonary congestion (dyspnea, crackles), and jugular venous distension. Chronic fluid overload contributes to left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, and increased all-cause mortality — each 1 kg increase in interdialytic weight gain is associated with a 12% increase in cardiovascular death (Kalantar-Zadeh et al., 2009). Management includes strict fluid restriction (500-1000 mL/day plus urine output), low-sodium diet, gradual dry weight reduction, and extended or more frequent dialysis sessions.
The target body weight of a dialysis patient after all excess fluid has been removed — the weight at which blood pressure is normal without medication.
The process of removing excess fluid from a patient's blood during dialysis by applying pressure across the dialyzer membrane.
A medical procedure that filters waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood using a dialysis machine when the kidneys can no longer perform this function adequately.
A sudden drop in blood pressure during a dialysis session, occurring in 20-30% of sessions and representing the most common intradialytic complication.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.