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Cleaned blood re-entering the arterial needle instead of returning to the body — a hidden cause of underdialysis.
Recirculation occurs when venous return flows back into the arterial needle (reversed lines, stenosis, low flow), so dialyzed blood is re-filtered instead of reaching the patient. It lowers effective clearance despite normal Kt/V readings. The urea-based recirculation test detects it; angiography finds the cause.
The measure of how completely dialysis clears waste — tracked with Kt/V and URR to prevent underdialysis.
The surgical connection created to allow blood to flow between the patient's circulatory system and the dialysis machine during hemodialysis sessions.
Narrowing of a dialysis fistula or graft — the leading cause of access failure and thrombosis.
A dimensionless number used to quantify dialysis adequacy, where K = dialyzer clearance, t = treatment time, and V = volume of distribution of urea.
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This content is a general reference, not medical advice, a diagnosis, or a treatment plan. Do not change your diet, fluids, medicines, or dialysis plan without your nephrologist or renal dietitian. Individual recommendations depend on your labs, medications, conditions, and care plan.